Description
Cathelicidin LL-37 is the only naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide in the human cathelicidin family. Synthesized primarily by immune and epithelial cells, it acts as a first-line defender by disrupting bacterial cell membranes and regulating inflammation.
LL-37 stands out for its complex, dual-purpose nature in human biology. Its key aspects include:
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- Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial: It directly destroys the cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and certain viruses, and breaks down infectious biofilms (which helps prevent microbes from colonizing).
- Immune Modulation: It acts as a signaling molecule to attract immune cells to infection sites and dampens excessive inflammation.
- Wound Healing: It encourages the migration of skin and mucosal cells to close wounds and aids in tissue repair.
Role in Skin Health and Disease
LL-37 is crucial for cutaneous defense against pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus. However, its dysregulation is tied to several inflammatory skin conditions:
- Rosacea: Excessive or improperly processed LL-37 fragments lead to chronic inflammation, redness, and visible blood vessels.
- Psoriasis: Lesions are often characterized by an overexpression of the peptide.
- Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): Affected individuals often show a deficiency in LL-37 induction, leaving them more susceptible to skin infections.
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